余热回收与协同应用的探索：低碳供热与发电的多元路径

随着全球能源结构的调整和环境保护意识的提升，余热回收与协同应用技术在工业生产和能源利用领域越来越受到关注。本文旨在探讨余热回收技术在低碳供热、发电以及跨季节储热等方面的应用，并分析柴油机组、制冷、发电的协同作用，以及生物柴油、生物质型煤等可再生能源的利用，以期为实现能源的高效利用和低碳排放提供新的思路。

Exploration of waste heat recovery and collaborative application: Multiple paths for low-carbon heating and power generation

With the adjustment of global energy structure and the enhancement of environmental protection awareness, waste heat recovery and collaborative application technology has been paid more and more attention in the field of industrial production and energy utilization. This paper aims to explore the application of waste heat recovery technology in low-carbon heating, power generation and cross-season heat storage, and analyze the synergistic effect of diesel units, refrigeration and power generation, as well as the utilization of renewable energy such as biodiesel and biomass briquette, in order to provide new ideas for realizing efficient utilization of energy and low carbon emissions.

一、余热回收技术的多元应用

余热回收是一种将工业生产过程中产生的废热进行回收利用的技术。在工业领域，特别是焦化炉、电站锅炉等生产过程中，会产生大量的高温烟气，这些烟气中蕴含的热量若能有效回收，将大大提高能源利用效率。通过采用烟气热能回收装置，可以将这些废热转化为热水或蒸汽，用于供热或发电。

此外，甲烷化装置等化工生产过程中也会产生大量的余热。通过余热回收技术，可以将这些热量进行梯级利用，先用于高温工艺，再逐步降低温度用于低温工艺，最后甚至可以用于生活热水供应或采暖。这种梯级利用的方式不仅提高了能源利用效率，还降低了生产成本。

First, multiple applications of waste heat recovery technology

Waste heat recovery is a technology that recycles waste heat generated in industrial production. In the industrial field, especially in the production process of coking furnaces and power station boilers, a large number of high temperature flue gas will be produced, and the heat contained in these flue gas can be effectively recovered, which will greatly improve the efficiency of energy utilization. With the use of flue gas thermal energy recovery units, this waste heat can be converted into hot water or steam for heating or power generation.

In addition, chemical production processes such as methanation units also generate a large amount of waste heat. Through the waste heat recovery technology, this heat can be used in steps, first for high temperature processes, then gradually reduce the temperature for low temperature processes, and finally can even be used for domestic hot water supply or heating. This step utilization method not only improves the efficiency of energy utilization, but also reduces the production cost.

二、跨季节储热与弃风电力的利用

跨季节储热技术是实现能源长期储存和平衡供需的重要手段。通过将夏季的余热或弃风电力转化为热能并储存起来，可以在冬季用于供热，从而实现对可再生能源的充分利用。这种技术的应用不仅可以减少对传统能源的依赖，还可以降低碳排放，实现低碳供热。

弃风电力是风电场在风力过大或电网接纳能力不足时产生的无法消纳的电力。通过将其转化为热能并储存起来，可以在需要时释放使用，既解决了风电的消纳问题，又提高了能源的利用率。

Second, the use of cross-season heat storage and wind power

Cross-season heat storage technology is an important means to realize long-term energy storage and balance supply and demand. By converting waste heat or curtailment power in the summer into heat and storing it, it can be used for heating in the winter, thus achieving full utilization of renewable energy. The application of this technology can not only reduce the dependence on traditional energy sources, but also reduce carbon emissions and achieve low-carbon heating.

Curtailment power is the power generated by the wind farm when the wind is too large or the power grid is not able to absorb it. By converting it into heat energy and storing it, it can be released and used when needed, which not only solves the problem of wind power consumption, but also improves the efficiency of energy.

三、柴油机组、制冷与发电的协同应用

柴油机组在发电过程中会产生大量的热量，这些热量若不进行回收利用，将造成能源的浪费。通过采用余热采暖技术，可以将柴油机组产生的热量用于供暖，从而实现能量的最大化利用。同时，利用溴化锂制冷机组和空气冷却器，可以在制冷过程中回收热量，进一步提高能源利用效率。

在协同应用中，柴油机组可以作为电力系统的补充，为制冷和供热提供稳定的电力支持。而制冷和供热系统则可以利用柴油机组产生的余热，实现能源的循环利用。这种协同应用的方式不仅可以提高能源利用效率，还可以降低运行成本，实现经济效益和环境效益的双赢。

3. Collaborative application of diesel units, refrigeration and power generation

Diesel units will generate a lot of heat in the process of power generation, and if the heat is not recycled, it will cause energy waste. Through the use of waste heat heating technology, the heat generated by the diesel unit can be used for heating, so as to maximize the utilization of energy. At the same time, the use of lithium bromide refrigeration units and air coolers can recover heat during the refrigeration process and further improve energy utilization efficiency.

In collaborative applications, diesel units can be used as a supplement to the power system to provide stable power support for cooling and heating. The cooling and heating system can use the waste heat generated by the diesel unit to achieve energy recycling. This way of collaborative application can not only improve the efficiency of energy utilization, but also reduce the operating cost, and achieve a win-win situation of economic and environmental benefits.

四、生物柴油与生物质型煤的应用

生物柴油和生物质型煤是可再生能源的重要代表。生物柴油是以动植物油脂为原料生产的可再生能源，其燃烧产生的二氧化碳可以被生物体吸收，从而实现碳循环。生物质型煤则是将生物质与煤进行混合制成的燃料，具有高效、环保的优点。

在余热回收与协同应用系统中，生物柴油和生物质型煤可以作为替代能源，用于柴油机组和供热系统。这不仅可以减少对传统化石能源的依赖，还可以降低碳排放，实现低碳供热和发电。

Fourth, the application of biodiesel and biomass briquette

Biodiesel and biomass briquette are important representatives of renewable energy. Biodiesel is a renewable energy produced from animal and plant oils, and the carbon dioxide produced by its combustion can be absorbed by organisms to achieve carbon cycle. Biomass briquette is a fuel made by mixing biomass and coal, which has the advantages of high efficiency and environmental protection.

In the waste heat recovery and collaborative application system, biodiesel and biomass briquette can be used as alternative energy sources for diesel units and heating systems. This can not only reduce the dependence on traditional fossil energy, but also reduce carbon emissions and achieve low-carbon heating and power generation.

五、有机朗肯循环与海水淡化

有机朗肯循环是一种利用低品位热能进行发电的技术。通过将有机工质加热至汽化，推动汽轮机转动发电，可以实现余热的高效利用。同时，该技术还可以与海水淡化系统相结合，利用发电过程中产生的热能进行海水淡化，从而实现对水资源的有效利用。

5. Organic Rankine cycle and seawater desalination

The organic Rankine cycle is a technology that uses low-grade thermal energy to generate electricity. By heating the organic working medium to vaporization and driving the turbine to turn and generate electricity, the waste heat can be efficiently utilized. At the same time, the technology can also be combined with seawater desalination system, using the heat generated in the power generation process for seawater desalination, so as to achieve effective use of water resources.

六、焦化炉废气与瓦斯发电的利用

焦化炉废气中含有大量的可燃气体，如瓦斯等。通过瓦斯发电技术，可以将这些废气转化为电能，实现能源的回收利用。同时，瓦斯发电还具有环保、高效的优点，可以有效降低碳排放和环境污染。

6. Utilization of waste gas and gas for power generation in coking furnace

The waste gas of coke furnace contains a lot of combustible gases, such as gas. Through gas power generation technology, these waste gases can be converted into electricity and energy recycling can be realized. At the same time, gas power generation also has the advantages of environmental protection and high efficiency, which can effectively reduce carbon emissions and environmental pollution.

江苏航烨能源科技有限公司实例介绍：某工厂余热回收撬块

下图为某工厂余热回收撬块现场图。

Jiangsu Hangye Energy Technology Co., LTD. Example introduction: a factory waste heat recovery skid

The following is the site diagram of waste heat recovery skid in a factory.

图1 某工厂余热回收撬块现场图

图2 某工厂余热回收撬块现场图

江苏航烨能源科技有限公司提供微型和小型天然气液化装置。这些工厂的产能涵盖2万至30万Nm3/天的液化天然气生产。

Jiangsu Hangye Energy Technology Co., Ltd. provides micro and small scale natural gas liquefaction units. The capacity of these plants covers between 20,000 and 300,000 Nm3/ day of LNG production.

此外，航烨能源联合中科院多年技术深耕，解决了一系列关键技术:高效的流道技术、可靠的静压气体轴承技术、动压气浮轴承技术、转子动力学技术、绝热技术、装配及测试技术、系统集成等。研发产品主要参数如下:

1、膨胀气量:50 ~6000Nm3/h，可根据用户定制；

2、温区范围:300 K-110K，可根据用户定制；

3、进口压力范围:3-15 bara；

4、转速范围:30000-150000rpm；

5、等嫡效率:82%-90%;

6、寿命:无故障运行5-10年;

7、制冷量:1~60 kW，可根据用户定制。

8、轴承形式:静压或动压气体轴承、电磁轴承、油轴承等。

9、设备具体可以根据客户需求来定做。

In addition, Hangye Energy and the Chinese Academy of Sciences have worked together for many years to solve a series of key technologies: efficient flow channel technology, reliable static pressure gas bearing technology, dynamic pressure air floating bearing technology, rotor dynamics technology, heat insulation technology, assembly and test technology, system integration. The main parameters of R&D products are as follows:

1, expansion volume :50 ~6000Nm3/h, can be customized according to users;

2, temperature range :300 K-110K, can be customized according to users;

3, inlet pressure range :3-15 bara;

4, speed range: 3000-150000rpm;

5, equal entropy efficiency: 82-90%;

6, life: trouble-free operation of 5-10 years;

7, cooling capacity :1~60 kW, can be customized according to user.

8, bearing form: static pressure or dynamic pressure gas bearings, electromagnetic bearings, oil bearings, etc.

9, the equipment can be customized according to customer needs.

本公司深耕于油气田地面井口处理、天然气净化提纯、原油加工处理以及轻烃资源回收等领域，致力于提供一站式服务。我们专注于LNG装置和天然气发生器的设计创新、精细制造以及专业安装，以满足客户多样化的需求，并致力于为客户量身打造全方位的解决方案。

欢迎有天然气膨胀液化相关需求的LNG液化工厂，液化生产线、中小型天然气液化生产企业业主、科研院所等用户来电详询、实地考察。您的需求，是航烨人砥砺前行的不竭动力。

The company is deeply engaged in the fields of surface wellhead treatment of oil and gas fields, natural gas purification, crude oil processing and light hydrocarbon resource recovery, and is committed to providing one-stop services. We focus on the design innovation, precision manufacturing and professional installation of LNG plants and natural gas generators to meet the diverse needs of our customers, and are committed to creating a full range of tailored solutions for our customers.

LNG liquefaction plants, liquefaction production lines, owners of small and medium-sized natural gas liquefaction production enterprises, scientific research institutes and other users are welcome to call for detailed inquiries and field visits. Your needs are the inexhaustible driving force for Hangye people to forge ahead.