连续中试批量热解反应器与热解技术

Continuous pilot batch pyrolysis reactor and pyrolysis technology

在当前全球资源日趋紧张和环境压力逐渐增大的背景下，对废弃物资源化利用和新能源技术的探索显得尤为重要。连续中试批量热解反应器作为一种先进的热化学转化设备，其在塑料垃圾处理及能源化利用方面展现出了巨大的潜力。本文将围绕连续中试批量热解反应器、塑料垃圾热解技术及其相关应用领域展开讨论，以期为未来的能源利用提供新的思路。

In the current context of increasingly tense global resources and increasing environmental pressure, the exploration of waste resource utilization and new energy technologies is particularly important. As an advanced thermochemical conversion equipment, the continuous pilot batch pyrolysis reactor has shown great potential in plastic waste treatment and energy utilization. This article will discuss the continuous pilot batch pyrolysis reactor, plastic waste pyrolysis technology and related application fields, with a view to providing new ideas for future energy utilization.

连续中试批量热解反应器是一种能够实现连续、稳定、高效热解过程的设备。其工作原理主要是通过高温高压条件，使塑料垃圾等有机物质发生热裂解反应，生成液体石油、沼气等可利用能源。该反应器具有操作简便、反应速度快、产物纯度高等特点，适用于大规模处理塑料垃圾等废弃物。

The continuous pilot batch pyrolysis reactor is a piece of equipment that can realize a continuous, stable and efficient pyrolysis process. Its working principle is mainly to use high-temperature and high-pressure conditions to cause thermal cracking reactions of organic matter such as plastic waste to generate liquid petroleum, biogas and other usable energy. The reactor has the characteristics of easy operation, fast reaction speed and high product purity, and is suitable for large-scale treatment of plastic waste and other wastes.

塑料垃圾作为一种难以降解的废弃物，一直困扰着全球环保事业。而热解技术为塑料垃圾的处理提供了一种高效、环保的解决方案。通过连续中试批量热解反应器对塑料垃圾进行热解处理，可以将其转化为液体石油、沼气等有价值的能源产品，实现资源的循环利用。

Plastic waste, as a kind of waste that is difficult to degrade, has been plaguing the global environmental protection cause. Pyrolysis technology provides an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for the treatment of plastic waste. By pyrolyzing plastic waste in a continuous pilot batch pyrolysis reactor, it can be converted into valuable energy products such as liquid petroleum and biogas to achieve resource recycling.

以聚苯乙烯为例，这种常见的塑料材料在热解过程中可以生成高品质的液体燃料，具有高热值、低污染等优点，可替代传统的化石燃料。此外，热解过程中产生的沼气还可以用于发电、供暖等领域，进一步提高了塑料垃圾的资源化利用价值。

Taking polystyrene as an example, this common plastic material can generate high-quality liquid fuel during the pyrolysis process. It has the advantages of high calorific value and low pollution, and can replace traditional fossil fuels. In addition, the biogas generated during the pyrolysis process can also be used in fields such as power generation and heating, further improving the resource utilization value of plastic waste.

高温高压是热解反应的关键条件，对于提高反应效率、优化产物分布具有重要意义。在连续中试批量热解反应器中，通过精确控制温度和压力，可以实现对塑料垃圾的高效热解。研究表明，适当提高温度和压力可以促进塑料垃圾中有机物的裂解，提高液体石油和沼气的产量。然而，高温高压条件也可能导致一些副反应的发生，如积碳、结焦等。因此，在实际应用中，需要对反应条件进行优化，以平衡反应速率和产物质量。

High temperature and high pressure are key conditions for pyrolysis reactions, which are of great significance for improving reaction efficiency and optimizing product distribution. In a continuous pilot-scale batch pyrolysis reactor, efficient pyrolysis of plastic waste can be achieved by precisely controlling temperature and pressure. Research shows that appropriately increasing temperature and pressure can promote the cracking of organic matter in plastic waste and increase the production of liquid petroleum and biogas. However, high temperature and high pressure conditions may also lead to the occurrence of some side reactions, such as carbon deposition, coking, etc. Therefore, in practical applications, reaction conditions need to be optimized to balance reaction rate and product quality.

沼气作为一种可再生能源，在能源领域具有广泛的应用前景。通过连续中试批量热解反应器产生的沼气，不仅可用于发电、供暖等领域，还可作为化工原料，用于生产甲醇、氢气等化学品。氢碳法作为一种新型的能源转化技术，可以利用沼气中的碳元素生产纯碳燃料，进一步提高能源的利用效率。

As a renewable energy source, biogas has broad application prospects in the energy field. The biogas produced through continuous pilot batch pyrolysis reactors can not only be used in fields such as power generation and heating, but can also be used as chemical raw materials to produce chemicals such as methanol and hydrogen. As a new energy conversion technology, the hydrogen-to-carbon method can use the carbon element in biogas to produce pure carbon fuel, further improving energy utilization efficiency.

液体燃料作为热解技术的重要产物之一，具有广泛的应用前景。通过连续中试批量热解反应器生产的液体燃料，具有高热值、低污染、易储存等优点，可替代传统的化石燃料，用于交通运输、工业生产等领域。此外，液体燃料还可作为化工原料，用于生产各种化学品，推动相关产业的可持续发展。

As one of the important products of pyrolysis technology, liquid fuel has broad application prospects. The liquid fuel produced through continuous pilot batch pyrolysis reactors has the advantages of high calorific value, low pollution, and easy storage. It can replace traditional fossil fuels and be used in transportation, industrial production and other fields. In addition, liquid fuel can also be used as chemical raw materials to produce various chemicals and promote the sustainable development of related industries.

除了塑料垃圾外，农业废弃物如玉米秸秆等也是热解技术的重要应用领域。玉米秸秆富含木质纤维素，通过热解技术可以将其转化为生物质能源和化学品。这不仅有助于解决农业废弃物的处理问题，还可以实现资源的循环利用，推动农业产业的绿色发展。

In addition to plastic waste, agricultural waste such as corn stalks are also important application areas for pyrolysis technology. Corn stover is rich in lignocellulose, which can be converted into biomass energy and chemicals through pyrolysis technology. This not only helps solve the problem of agricultural waste disposal, but also enables resource recycling and promotes the green development of the agricultural industry.

热化学预处理与厌氧发酵技术的结合为废弃物资源化利用提供了新的思路。通过对废弃物进行热化学预处理，可以破坏其结构，提高后续厌氧发酵的效率。同时，厌氧发酵过程中产生的沼气等产物还可以进一步用于能源利用和化工原料生产。这种技术的结合有望在未来实现更高效、更环保的废弃物资源化利用。

The combination of thermochemical pretreatment and anaerobic fermentation technology provides new ideas for waste resource utilization. Thermochemical pretreatment of waste can destroy its structure and improve the efficiency of subsequent anaerobic fermentation. At the same time, the biogas and other products generated during the anaerobic fermentation process can be further used for energy utilization and chemical raw material production. This combination of technologies is expected to enable more efficient and environmentally friendly waste resource utilization in the future.

流化床热解反应器作为一种高效的热解设备，在塑料垃圾处理领域具有广泛的应用。而四联流化床技术则是对传统流化床技术的创新和改进，通过优化反应器的结构和操作条件，可以进一步提高热解效率和产物质量。这些技术的创新应用为未来的能源利用和环保事业提供了有力支持。

As an efficient pyrolysis equipment, the fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor is widely used in the field of plastic waste treatment. The quadruple fluidized bed technology is an innovation and improvement of the traditional fluidized bed technology. By optimizing the structure and operating conditions of the reactor, the pyrolysis efficiency and product quality can be further improved. The innovative applications of these technologies provide strong support for future energy utilization and environmental protection.

煤炭作为一种传统的能源资源，在我国能源结构中占据重要地位。然而，随着环保要求的提高和新能源技术的发展，煤炭利用面临着巨大的挑战。通过连续中试批量热解反应器等技术手段，可以对低价煤进行资源化利用，提高其能源利用效率和经济价值。同时，结合清洁煤技术、碳捕获和储存等手段，可以进一步降低煤炭利用过程中的环境污染。

As a traditional energy resource, coal occupies an important position in my country's energy structure. However, with the improvement of environmental protection requirements and the development of new energy technologies, coal utilization faces huge challenges. Through technical means such as continuous pilot batch pyrolysis reactors, low-price coal can be utilized as a resource and its energy utilization efficiency and economic value can be improved. At the same time, combined with clean coal technology, carbon capture and storage and other means, environmental pollution during coal utilization can be further reduced.

连续中试批量热解反应器在塑料垃圾处理及能源化利用方面展现出了巨大的潜力。通过深入研究和应用这一技术，不仅可以解决塑料垃圾等废弃物的处理问题，还可以实现资源的循环利用和能源的可持续发展。未来，随着技术的不断进步和应用领域的拓展，连续中试批量热解反应器有望在环保事业和新能源领域发挥更大的作用。

The continuous pilot batch pyrolysis reactor has shown great potential in plastic waste treatment and energy utilization. Through in-depth research and application of this technology, it can not only solve the problem of waste disposal such as plastic waste, but also realize the recycling of resources and the sustainable development of energy. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology and the expansion of application fields, continuous pilot batch pyrolysis reactors are expected to play a greater role in environmental protection and new energy fields.

案例介绍：

连续中试批量热解反应器结构图：

Structural diagram of continuous pilot batch pyrolysis reactor:

本设备的应用是将塑料垃圾转化成能源（液体油）和增值产品（焦炭）。

该热解反应器容量为20升，不锈钢材质，电加热，最高温度600℃。反应器末端安装着与冷水机相连的管式冷凝器。最下方装有液体油收集器。右侧装有操作简单的控制面板。

The application of this device is to convert plastic waste into energy (liquid oil) and value-added products (coke).

The pyrolysis reactor has a capacity of 20 liters, made of stainless steel material, electrically heated, and a maximum temperature of 600 ℃. A tubular condenser connected to the chiller is installed at the end of the reactor. The bottom part is equipped with a liquid oil collector. There is a control panel on the right side that is easy to operate.

加热罐高度360 mm ；加热罐直径310 mm ；反应器原料容量20 L ；冷凝器长度860 mm ；冷凝器直径147 mm。

The height of the heating tank is 360 mm; Heating tank diameter 310 mm; Reactor raw material capacity 20 L; The length of the condenser is 860 mm; The diameter of the condenser is 147 mm.

连续中试批量热解反应器反应原理：

Principle of continuous pilot batch pyrolysis reactor:

塑料垃圾进入反应室后升温，加热后反应室中产生的有机蒸气被冷凝成液态油。冷凝的有机蒸气收集在系统底部，而来自同一液体油管道的未冷凝产物以气体形式从反应器中排出。

Plastic waste enters the reaction chamber and heats up. After heating, the organic vapor generated in the reaction chamber is condensed into liquid oil. The condensed organic vapor is collected at the bottom of the system, while the uncondensed products from the same liquid oil pipeline are discharged in gas form from the reactor.

结论：

在较低温度下（400℃），液体油收率低，炭收率较高。在 450 ℃ 温度和 75 min反应时间下实现了最大液体油收率 81% 的最佳条件。在最佳条件下生产的液体油的动力粘度为1.77 mPas，运动粘度为1.92 cSt，密度为0.92 g/cm3，倾点为-60℃，凝固点为-64℃，闪点为 30.2℃，高位发热量为 41.6 MJ/kg。

GC-MS 分析表明，液体油主要含有苯乙烯 (48%)。甲苯 (26%) 和乙苯 (21%) 化合物。

Conclusion:

At lower temperatures (400 ℃), the yield of liquid oil is low and the yield of carbon is high. The optimal conditions for achieving a maximum liquid oil yield of 81% were achieved at a temperature of 450 ℃ and a reaction time of 75 minutes. The dynamic viscosity of the liquid oil produced under optimal conditions is 1.77 mPas, the kinematic viscosity is 1.92 cSt, the density is 0.92 g/cm3, the pour point is -60 ℃, the freezing point is -64 ℃, the flash point is 30.2 ℃, and the high heat generation is 41.6 MJ/kg.

GC-MS analysis shows that liquid oil mainly contains styrene (48%). Toluene (26%) and ethylbenzene (21%) compounds.

航烨能源联合中科院多年技术深耕，提供一系列关于连续中试批量热解反应器的解决案例。由经验丰富、训练有素的服务工程师团队安装调试，欢迎垂询。

Hangye Energy has cooperated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences for many years of technological development to provide a series of solution cases for continuous pilot batch pyrolysis reactors. It is installed and debugged by a team of experienced and well-trained service engineers. Welcome to inquire.