连续多级震荡反应器

平推流反应器

平推流是流动反应器的一个重要特征，任何两个在同一时间进入反应器的分子，在相同的时间离开反应器。平推流反应器模型提供了控制反应时间的有效手段，同时优化了反应物和产物的分离。流体依次流经反应器，无反混。采用平推流化学的反应器通常被称为活塞流反应器或（Plug Flow Reactors）PFR反应器。

通过平推流反应器的流体可以被模拟为流经反应器的一系列无限薄的连续“活塞”（如图1所示）。每个“活塞”都有均匀的成分，沿着反应器的轴向移动，每个“活塞”的组成与相邻的均不同。

理想假设是：当“活塞”通过平推流反应器时，流体在径向上完全混合，而轴向上无混合。每个不同体积的塞被视为一个独立的实体，实际上是一个无限小的连续搅拌槽式反应器，趋近于零体积。

Horizontal flow is an important feature of flow reactors, where any two molecules that enter the reactor at the same time leave the reactor at the same time.The push-flow reactor model provides an effective means of controlling reaction time, while optimizing the separation of reactants and products.The fluid flows through the reactor in sequence without any backmixing. Reactors that use push flow chemistry are commonly referred to as piston flow reactors or (Plug Flow Reactors）PFR reactor.

The fluid in a push-flow reactor can be simulated as a series of infinitely thin continuous "pistons" flowing through the reactor(showed in fig 1).Each "piston" has a uniform composition that moves along the axis of the reactor, and the composition of each "piston" is different from that of adjacent ones.

The ideal assumption is that when the "piston" passes through a laminar flow reactor, the fluid is completely mixed radially while there is no mixing axially. Each plug with different volumes is considered as an independent entity and is actually an infinitely small continuous stirred tank reactor, approaching zero volume.

图1 平推流反应器示意图

Fig1. Schematic diagram of a plug flow reactor

连续搅拌槽式反应器CSTR（如图2所示）通常近似于“理想CSTR”的行为或模型，它假设完美混合。在完全混合的反应器中，试剂在进入反应器后立即均匀地混合在整个反应器中。因此，输出的组成与反应器内物料的组成相同，是停留时间和反应速率的函数。

在反应器设计中，连续搅拌槽式反应器CSTR是完全混合的理想极限，这与塞流反应器(PFR)完全相反。实际上，没有反应器的性能是理想的，而是介于理想CSTR和塞流反应器的混合极限之间。

Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)(showed in fig 2) typically approximates the behavior or model of an ideal CSTR, assuming perfect mixing. In a fully mixed reactor, the reagents are uniformly mixed throughout the entire reactor immediately after entering the reactor. Therefore, the composition of the output is the same as that of the materials inside the reactor, and is a function of residence time and reaction rate.

In reactor design, the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is the ideal limit for complete mixing, which is completely opposite to the plug flow reactor (PFR). In fact, the performance without a reactor is ideal, but falls between the mixing limits of an ideal CSTR and a plug flow reactor.

Fig.2 Continuous Stirred Tanks in Series Model highlighting the relationship between reactants and products within CSTRs in series

图2突出串联cstr内反应物和产物之间关系的串联连续搅拌槽模型

平推流反应器的优势：

反应物分散：平推流反应器中反应物在反应过程中不断受到搅拌，从而使反应物分散，在反应过程中能充分混合、接触，有利于反应的进行。

热均匀：平推流反应器中热量均匀，能快速地将热量从反应物中传递出去，以控制反应温度，减小产物的副反应。

转化率高：平推流反应器中反应物在一定的时间内会经历多次反应，从而提高了反应的转化率，可以更高效地生产出所需的产物。

操作简便：平推流反应器操作简便，只需在反应器中添加反应物，设置好反应条件，即可进行反应，相比其他反应器更加省时省力。

Advantages of Horizontal Push Flow Reactor:

Dispersal of reactants: In a push flow reactor, the reactants are continuously stirred during the reaction process, resulting in the dispersion of the reactants. During the reaction, they can be fully mixed and in contact, which is conducive to the progress of the reaction.

Heat uniformity: The heat in the parallel flow reactor is uniform, which can quickly transfer heat from the reactants to control the reaction temperature and reduce the side reactions of the products.

High conversion rate: The reactants in the push flow reactor will undergo multiple reactions within a certain period of time, thereby improving the conversion rate of the reaction and producing the required products more efficiently.

Easy to operate: The parallel flow reactor is easy to operate, just add reactants to the reactor, set reaction conditions, and proceed with the reaction, which is more time-saving and labor-saving compared to other reactors.

连续多级振荡反应器

连续多级振荡反应器，主要通过对反应器施加有规律的振动，与反应器内部的轴向和径向挡板协同作用，可显著增强流体的传质和传热效果。在反应器内部，多相流体在轴向挡板的引导下形成数百条细微的流束，这些流束每秒钟会发生数十次的分散与合并。这种机制显著提升了径向混合效果和多相接触面积，从而大大加速了多相反应的进程。

多级的混流反应腔可以使得反应器展现出卓越的活塞流特性。无论是固体、浆体、气体还是液体，无论是单一组分还是多种混合组分，甚至是多相不互溶体系，都能进行有效的操作和控制。

Continuous multi-stage oscillating reactor

A continuous multi-stage oscillating reactor can significantly enhance the mass and heat transfer efficiency of the fluid by applying regular vibrations to the reactor and collaborating with the axial and radial baffles inside the reactor.Inside the reactor, the multiphase fluid forms hundreds of fine flow beams guided by axial baffles, which undergo dozens of dispersion and merging events per second. This mechanism significantly improves the radial mixing effect and multiphase contact area, thereby greatly accelerating the process of multiphase reactions.

A multi-stage mixed flow reaction chamber can enable the reactor to exhibit excellent piston flow characteristics. Whether it is solid, slurry, gas or liquid, whether it is a single component or multiple mixed components, or even multiphase immiscible systems, effective operation and control can be carried out.

微型搅拌反应器震荡系统

如图3所示的微型搅拌反应器。其每个腔（约30-90mL）内相当于1个反应釜。如图5所示的微型搅拌反应器震荡系统。通过对整个反应器施加周期性振荡，使其内置的搅拌器（如图4所示）在惯性作用下对腔内的物料进行搅拌。可在催化剂篮式搅拌器内装在催化剂颗粒进行反应。

Micro Stirred Reactor Oscillation System

A miniature stirred reactor as shown in Figure 3. Each of its chambers(approximately 30-90 mL) is equivalent to 1 reactor. Micro Stirred Reactor Shock System as shown in Fig. 5. By oscillating the whole reactor, the built-in stirrer (shown in Fig. 4) stirs the material in the chamber under the effect of inertia. The reaction can be carried out with catalyst particles contained in a catalyst basket stirrer.

图3 微型搅拌反应器

Fig.3 Micro stirred reactor

图4 微型搅拌反应器震荡系统

Fig.4 Micro Stirred Reactor Shock System

图5 内置搅拌器

Fig.5 Internal stirrer

管式搅拌反应器震荡系统

Tubular stirred reactor oscillation system

管式搅拌反应器震荡系统（如图6所示）适合规模化生产前的中试连续工艺或生产规模，搅拌平台上设置八个反应管（如图7所示），对整个系统施加周期性振荡，使得内置的搅拌器（如图8所示）在惯性作用下对腔内的物料进行搅拌。

Tubular stirred reactor oscillation system (shown in Figure 4) is suitable for pilot continuous process or production scale before large-scale production. Eight reaction tubes (shown in Figure 5) are set up on the stirring platform to oscillate the whole system, so that the built-in stirrer (shown in Figure 6) stirs the material in the chamber under the inertial effect.

图6 管式搅拌反应器震荡系统

Fig. 6 Tubular Stirred Reactor Shock System

图7 管式搅拌反应器

Figure 7 Tubular stirred reactor

图8 管式搅拌反应器内置搅拌器

Fig. 8 Tubular stirred reactor with built-in stirrer

生产规模旋转管式反应系统

Production-scale rotating tubular reaction systems

在生产规模的旋转管式反应器系统中（如图9所示），内置的搅拌器（如图10所示）在管内自由旋转，并在两端由搅拌器支架支撑。搅拌器上的径向挡板将反应器管分成若干个腔室（如图11所示），从而使流体尽可能接近平推流。通过使整个反应器来回旋转，实现了惯性力，进一步增强了流体质量和传热效果。

In a production-scale rotating tubular reactor system (shown in Fig. 7), an inbuilt stirrer (shown in Fig. 9) rotates freely inside the tube and is supported at both ends by stirrer supports. Radial baffles on the stirrer divide the reactor tube into a number of chambers (as shown in Fig. 8) so that the fluid within it flows as close to advection as possible. By rotating the whole reactor back and forth, inertial forces are realised to enhance the fluid mass and heat transfer.

图9 生产规模旋转管式反应系统

Fig. 9 Production-scale rotating tubular reaction systems

图10 生产规模旋转管式反应管断面图

Fig. 10 Cross section of Production-scale rotating tubular reaction systems

图11 生产规模旋转管式反应管搅拌器

Fig. 11 Production-scale rotating tubular reaction systems agitator

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